Etiological diagnosis in hemiplegia

Causes of hemiplegia:
o Congenital
o Acquired
Congenital:-
atrophy of the lobe, cerebral agenesis, porencephaly
Acquired:
a..Vascular: stroke- most common cause (Fig3.)
i. Arterial: -
a. Cerebral thrombosis
b. Cerebral embolism
c. Cerebral hemorrhage/Sub arachnoid
hemorrhage
d. Hypertensive encephalopathy
ii. Venous: cortical vein thrombosis /thrombophlebitis

b.. Traumatic : subdural /epidural hemorrhage ,birth injury ,cerebral
 -contusions
 c..Infective: meningo encephalitis of various origins
 Common being tuberculous, pyogenic
 d.Neoplastic: primary /secondary (Seizures common)
 e. Other space occupying lesions:
 Cerebral abscess, cysticercosis, hydatid cyst
 f. degenerative: disseminated sclerosis, tuberous sclerosis, epiloia
 g. Autoimmune -Collagen Vascular diseases

 (In Subarachnoid hemorrhage hemiplegia may result from,

1. Tearing in of blood into brain substance,
2. from softening of brain distal to point of rupture or
3. due to spasm of the vessel
(Diagnosis: sudden headache, unconsciousness, blood in C.S.F.)